Ukukhupha izinto (extrusion) yinkqubo yokuvelisa equka ukudlulisa izinto kwidayi ukuze kudalwe into eneprofayili enqamlezileyo. Le teknoloji isetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi kuquka iiplastiki, iintsimbi, ukutya kunye namayeza. Oomatshini abasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokukhupha izinto benzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zezinto ezikhutshwayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle nokuchaneka. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini abasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokukhupha izinto, izinto zabo, kunye nendlela abasebenza ngayo.
1. Isitshizi esinye se-Screw
I-single screw extruder lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-extruder. Iqulathe isikrufu esijikelezayo kwi-cylindrical barrel. Izinto ezifakwa kwi-hopper apho zifudunyezwa kwaye zinyibilike njengoko zihamba nge-screw. Uyilo lwe-screw luvumela ukuba izinto zixutywe, zinyibilike kwaye zipompelwe kwi-die head. Ii-single screw extruders zinokuguquguquka kakhulu kwaye zingasetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo, kubandakanya ii-thermoplastics kunye nezinye ii-thermosets.
2. I-extruder ye-Twin Screw
Ii-extruder ze-twin-screw zinezikrufu ezimbini ezidibanisayo ezijikeleza kwicala elinye okanye elichaseneyo. Olu yilo luvumela ukuxubana okungcono kunye nokudibanisa kwaye lufanelekile kwizicelo ezifuna inqanaba eliphezulu lokufana. Ii-extruder ze-twin-screw zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwimveliso yokutya, amayeza kunye nezixhobo ze-polymer eziphambili. Ii-extruder ze-twin-screw zinokucubungula uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo, kuquka nezinto ezibuthathaka kubushushu.
3. Umtshisi wePlunger
Ii-Plunger extruders, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-piston extruders, zisebenzisa i-reciprocating plunger ukutyhala izinto kwi-die. Olu hlobo lwe-extruder luhlala lusetyenziselwa izinto ezinzima ukuzicubungula ngee-screw extruders, ezifana nee-ceramics ezithile kunye neentsimbi. Ii-Plunger extruders zinokufikelela kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye ke ngoko zifanelekile kwizicelo ezifuna ii-extrudates ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye namandla.
4. Izinto zokukhupha amaphepha
Ii-extruders zesheet zizixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokwenza amaphepha atyatyekiweyo. Ngokwesiqhelo zisebenzisa indibaniselwano ye-single okanye twin screw extruder kunye ne-die ukuze zikhuphe izinto zibe yishidi. Ishidi elityatyelweyo linokupholiswa lize lisikwe libe ziisayizi ezifanelekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, kubandakanya ukupakishwa, ukwakhiwa kunye nezixhobo zemoto.
5. I-extruder yefilimu evuthuzayo
I-Blown film extruder yinkqubo ekhethekileyo esetyenziselwa ukwenza iifilimu zeplastiki. Kule nkqubo, iplastiki enyibilikisiweyo ikhutshwa nge-die ejikelezayo ize yandiswe ukuze yenze amaqamza. Amaqamza ayaphola aze anciphe ukuze enze ifilimu ethe tyaba. I-Blown film extruders zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lokupakisha ukuvelisa iingxowa, iphepha lokusonga kunye nezinye izinto zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo.
Masibonise inkampani yethuUmthengisi womatshini wokuvuthela ifilimu ye-LQ 55 eneeleya ezimbini (ububanzi befilimu yi-800MM)
I-extruder ineenxalenye ezibalulekileyo ezininzi ezisebenzisanayo ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenzwa kwezinto ngempumelelo:
I-Hopper: I-hopper yindawo apho izinto ezikrwada zifakwa khona kumatshini. Yenzelwe ukondla izinto ezikrwada rhoqo kwi-extruder.
Isikrufu: Isikrufu yintliziyo yesixhobo sokukhupha izinto. Sinoxanduva lokuhambisa, ukunyibilikisa nokuxuba izinto ezikrwada njengoko zidlula kwibhareli.
Ibhareli: Ibhareli liqokobhe elisilinda eliqulathe isikrufu. Ibhareli inezinto zokufudumeza zokunyibilikisa izinto kwaye inokuba neendawo zokupholisa zokulawula ubushushu.
Idayi: Idayi yinto ebumba izinto ezikhutshiweyo zibe yimo efunekayo. Iidayi zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze zenze iimilo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezifana nombhobho, ishiti okanye ifilimu.
Inkqubo Yokupholisa: Emva kokuba impahla ishiye idayisi, idla ngokufuna ukupholiswa ukuze igcine imo yayo. Inkqubo yokupholisa ingabandakanya iibhafu zamanzi, ukupholisa umoya, okanye imiqulu yokupholisa, kuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo.
Iinkqubo zokusika: Kwezinye iinkqubo, izinto ezikhutshiweyo zingadinga ukunqunyulwa zibe nobude obuthile. Iinkqubo zokusika zingadityaniswa kumgca wokukhupha ukuze le nkqubo izenzekele.
Inkqubo yokukhupha izinto ezikrwada iqala ngokulayisha izinto ezikrwada kwi-hopper. Izinto ezikrwada emva koko zifakwa kwi-barrel apho zifudunyezwa kwaye zinyibilike njengoko zihamba ngesikrufu. Isikrufu senzelwe ukuxuba izinto ezikrwada ngokufanelekileyo kwaye sizipompe kwi-die. Nje ukuba izinto zifikelele kwi-die, zinyanzeliswa ukuba zidlule kwindawo evulekileyo ukuze zenze imo efunekayo.
Emva kokuba i-extrudate ishiye i-die, iyaphola kwaye iqine. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-extruder kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, amanye amanyathelo anokufuneka enziwe, njengokusika, ukujija okanye ukucubungula ngakumbi.
Ukukhupha izinto ezingafunekiyo yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa exhomekeke kwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukuvelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kwizixhobo ezikhupha izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nezikrufu ezimbini ukuya kwizixhobo ezikhupha izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye noomatshini befilimu evuthuzayo, uhlobo ngalunye lwesixhobo esikhupha izinto ezingafunekiyo lunenjongo eyahlukileyo kushishino. Ukuqonda izinto kunye nemisebenzi yale mishini kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inkqubo yokukhupha izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nokufikelela kwiziphumo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buhambela phambili, ishishini lokukhupha izinto ezingafunekiyo lisenokubona ezinye izinto ezintsha eziya kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye zandise amathuba okucubungula izinto.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-02-2024